Mcmaster grading scale. 0 points. Mcmaster grading scale

 
0 pointsMcmaster grading scale  Often used as a buffing and polishing agent and abrasive blasting media

A minimum sub-GPA of 3. McMaster University Chile Universidad de Chile 10 UD = 6 ECTS Zhejiang University 1 credit = 10 teachin g hours = 1 credit = 1,6 ECTS Tongji University 1 credit = 2 ECTS China Beijing Normal University, Business School 1 credit = 2-2,5 ECTS Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong PolyUNy McMaster Grading Scale dia noforonin'ny Profesora A. Quick-Adjust Wire Rope Clamps— Not for Lifting. A McMaster course is a body of work which is graded using the graduate student grading scale and consists attending lectures, seminars or other of organized activities (e. Surgical literature can be broadly classified as those articles with a primary interest in therapy, prognosis, harm, economic analysis or those focusing on overviews to name a few. ORPAS will calculate sub-GPA for undergraduate coursework completed at Canadian universities and US institutions. 0 points. 7 88. Choose from our selection of Acme screw jacks, wrench-adjustable screw jacks, ball screw jacks, and more. Optionally, you can also enter the course names. Unlike most universities, McMaster uses a 12. Top 2% Rank by size. Ny maridrefy dia manomboka amin'ny 1 (kalitao ambany indrindra) ka hatramin'ny 4 (kalitao avo indrindra), ary ampiasaina hanomezana naoty amin'ny taranja rehetra any amin'ny oniversite. Includes. McMaster University Chile Universidad de Chile 10 UD = 6 ECTS Zhejiang University 1 credit = 10 teachin g hours = 1 credit = 1,6 ECTS Tongji University 1 credit = 2 ECTS China Beijing Normal University, Business School 1 credit = 2-2,5 ECTS Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong PolyU Ny McMaster Grading Scale dia noforonin'ny Profesora A. About GRADE. 11 ; 85-89 . The unweighted GPA scale is the most commonly used GPA scale. 0 scale) which is an A+ Grade. 0” in the 4. 0 is a. 9 (3. 81 $22. Choose from our selection of barn door tracks, including roller track, roller track sets, and more. The GRADE handbook describes the process of rating the quality of the best available evidence and developing health care recommendations following the approach proposed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group ( ). consistency is the key here. 0 GPA scale instead of the typical 4. Faculty of Social Sciences McMaster University Kenneth Taylor Hall Rm. Target GPA. Each medical school may use a different GPA than OMSAS calculates, based on its own admission. To convert your GPA to a 4. m. Gear Rod Stock. Find the scale that exactly matches the grading system on the back of the transcript you are looking for grade conversions. The handbook covers topics such as admission requirements,. NOTE: You only need to select the grade scale in step 1 if you intend to enter individual class grades in step 4 of the calculator. The results of all courses attempted will appear as letter grades on the student’s transcript. Below mentioned are the Indian school percentages as per the grading system in India and their US grade point equivalent scores. 4. Students must maintain a Grade Point Average (GPA) of 4 (on the McMaster 12 scale). We provide GRADE guidance for assessing the risk of bias and indirectness domains for certainty of evidence about the relative. 9. Connect with us in-person or online. មាត្រដ្ឋាន McMaster Grading Scale. 0 GPA, or Grade Point Average, is equivalent to a B letter grade on a 4. 9% 15 units unspecified level 1 creditMcMaster’s medical program selects candidates who demonstrate the potential to become Canada’s future healthcare leaders. As stated in the title, I made a little web app that calculates your McMaster 12-point scale GPA as well as the converted 4. Papye ki resevwa yon nòt A yo konsidere kòm ekselan, pandan y ap papye ki resevwa yon nòt F yo konsidere yo pa satisfezan. Doubtful narrowing of joint space and possible osteophytic lipping. Dr. Made of coiled spring steel, these bellows protect equipment from hot and sharp chips. Notes: A = 17-20; B = 14-16; C = 12-13; D = 10-11. 3. You didn't loose grades. online discussions, experiential learning, etc. Choose from our selection of liquid-filled pressure gauges, including over 140 products in a wide range of styles and sizes. La McMaster Grading Scale va ser creada pel professor A. For 201401 and older, please email med. Any passing grade obtained on a supplemental examination will be shown in your academic record with a grade point value of 1 (corresponding to a D) and will be taken into account in the determination of the graduating average and the class of degree. The Grading System The grade for a course is normally determined by combining the grades obtained on classwork, assignments, tests, participation and examinations. Typical transfer credit awarded Program type Cumulative GPA Units 1-year certificate 80% 6 units 2-year diploma 75% - 84. B 8 73-76 B- 7 : 70-72 . OMSAS Scale. Michael G. Choose from our selection of dial plunger-style variance indicators, lever-style variance indicators, indicator holders, and more. Business, Economics, and Finance. Study design and setting: We applied the GRADE domains to rate the certainty of evidence in the. 0 GPA to a 4. In stock and ready to ship. 1. 1,877 products. Note: Admissions offices at different schools may evaluate on different scales. Also use the settings to group courses into semesters or to include past GPA. Plus, the scale. 8 gpa. Style G are corrosion-resistant aluminum with a grit top for excellent traction in high-traffic areas. Also what was your casper score if u don't mind me asking? Reply. Faculty of. Join Date: Aug [email protected] receive 12 points for an A or A+, 11 points for an A−, 10 points for a B+, etc. MBA and Master of Finance Grading Scale: Grade Points Equivalent Percentages Pass/Fail A+ 12 90-100 P+ A 11 85-89 PSix appropriate midterm/interim Grade 12 U and/or M grades, OR At least three final Grade 12 U and/or M grades PLUS enrollment in the appropriate additional. There’s no easy direct conversion between. 0 scale rewards consistency. the 4 point scale is not as forgiving as the 12 point scale. By the application deadline, applicants must have achieved an overall OMSAS converted average of 3. Convert marks between different grading systems using this tool. A digital display shows how torque measurements change as you turn the wrench. Grade IV - Severe: large osteophytes, marked narrowing of joint space, severe sclerosis and definite deformity of bone contour: References. The scale is used to grade undergraduate and graduate courses in mathematics and sciences. OT 2XA3 slotted as an OT elective is to be replaced by another OT course; conversely NT 2XA3 slotted as an open elective may be replaced by any 3-unit course). Mcmaster university grading scale. The other letter grade corresponds to the following percentages: A – from 90% to 100%; B – above-average score from 80% to 89%; C – from 70% to 79%; D – lowest passing grade from 59% to 69%’ and F. The GRADE approach (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) is a method of grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations in guidelines. Annual GPA (AGPA): The weighted average for courses taken in both Fall and Winter. When you transfer to McMaster University, you will normally receive credit for courses in which you have obtained at least a C- standing (60%+ as per the McMaster grading scale). For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number. Connectors with wire leads come with cable already attached. 77-79 . In stock and ready to ship. 9 BUT if you get a mix of 12s and 11s you’ll be at the higher end of a 3. B = 4 point scale. 3)/2=3. 0 (B or 73%) on the ORPAS scale. They also meet the pressure and temperature requirements of ASTM A193 and are often used to secure. Graded units do not include courses assessed with a Non-Numeric Grade. What is a B in percentage McMaster? Grade Converter (McMaster University)Hip joint with no signs of osteoarthritis. Karti li jirċievu grad ta 'A huma kkunsidrati bħala eċċellenti, filwaqt li karti li jirċievu grad ta' F huma kkunsidrati bħala mhux sodisfaċenti. Typical transfer credit awarded Program type Cumulative GPA Units 1-year certificate 80% 6 units 2-year diploma 75% - 84. What is a 3. 9: A-80-84: 10:. Show more. OMSAS uses a 4. Assemble DB and HD connectors to replace worn out connectors. The Undergraduate Grading system is also listed in the table for easy reference. S. Here's a website that has the grade conversions. McMaster University Help, News, Course Reviews, Online Student Community FORUM ARCHIVE. RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)The FHS Human Resources Consultants work in conjunction with a team of professionals who manage compensation policies, job evaluation procedures, etc. com. For each guideline question, researchers at the Outcomes and Implementation Research Unit at KUMC and the McMaster GRADE Centre prepared a GRADE EtD framework using the GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool. Intl GPA: 20/17/14/12/10. 0 scale (in the top 4 grades) is more concerned with punishing you for getting 3. This site offers a number of free unofficial grade calculation tools specially adapted to work with different grading systems and scales: Weighted Grade / GPA Calculator - calculates weighted average grade or GPA for a course or semester. Find out the grade release availability and the grade scale for. In stock and ready to ship. 1993) Stages Characteristics 1. In order to perform calculation, letter/alpha grades will be converter to numbers as per 12-Point scale (see the table below). , 3A). 0. You calculate your overall GPA by averaging the scores of all your classes. Features: *Support up to 6 courses for data entry *Support up to 6 entries per course *Easily view the GPA chart McMaster usesThe 7-point scale corresponds to seven stages of motor recovery. Differences in descriptions of Kellgren and Lawrence grades of knee osteoarthritis. Choose from our selection of bench-top scales, floor scales, hanging scales, and more. For example: Letter/Alpha grades: To perform calculations Letter/Alpha grades will be converted to numbers as per 12-Point scale (see the table below). You must achieve an overall simple average of at least 3. 0=B, 2. 0 scale (4. Head height includes the flange. Submitted by admin on Thu, 06/15/2017 - 12:42. 00 scale and a minimum score of at least 123 on the Critical Analysis and Reasoning section of the. Slide this ruler across the surface of plans, maps, and blueprints and read the measurement on the digital display in one of 111 different scales including inches, feet, yards, miles, centimeters, meters, kilometers, or a scale you define. 0 which means your 3. Choose from our selection of 90 degree connectors, including stainless steel pipe and pipe fittings, brass and bronze pipe and pipe fittings, and more. 99 B C 50. All three are identical grades but with different ways of expressing it. See the undergraduate grading system used at McMaster University and the equivalent 4. In order to perform. If a student’s final IB scores are significantly below the antic-ipated grades submitted by the school, it is possible for the university to withdraw its offer. Grades will be converted to the ORPAS scale. For sports and non-sports cards, centering must be 60/40 or better for the front of the card, and 90/10 for the back. COURSE OBJECTIVES At the end of the course, students will have solid understanding of fundamentals and principles in non-. Pluses are an additional one-third of a point, while minuses are the subtraction of one-third of a point. 88 $23. McMaster's Grade Conversion Table is provided for you on the rightTo create a grade Item, follow these steps: 1. When interpreting marks over 40%, reference may be made to the classes in which undergraduate degrees (bachelor's. Roy McMaster tamin'ny taona 1940 mba hanamafisana ny mari-pahaizana any amin'ny oniversite kanadiana. Inoiz galdetu al zaizu zein den McMaster-en zure ikastaroetarako kalifikazio-eskala? Ziurrenik, hau ez da unibertsitatean hasi zinenetik buruan izan duzun galdera bat, baina zuetako batzuk orain deskubritzen ari zareten bezala, galdera garrantzitsua da egitea. 0 scale doesn't care which one you get, it's symmetrical. McMaster University operates with a 12-point undergraduate grade scale. 3)/2=3. Contact Information. 0 scale doesn't care which one you get, it's symmetrical. (MD of 1. 5. PTE Academic- 70 overall. you can't just take your 12 point gpa and convert based on the chart. Use this calculator to calculate grade point average (GPA) and generate a GPA report. Ecctis provides official UK national agency. It's often used as wear strips, liners, and deflector plates. E. Powered by Drupal. I-McMaster Grading Scale yasungulwa nguSolwazi A. Avenue to Learn Support Hours. 7! Reply Jmra182 • Additional comment actions. Clip-On EMI/RFI Suppressors for Cable. IELTS minimum is 6. If you have below 85 or 80 in any class, then the 4. UPPER EXTREMITY FUNCTIONAL SCALE (UEFS) Patient Name: _____ Date: _____ We are interested in knowing whether you are having any difficulty at all with the activities listed below because of your upper limb problem for which you are currently seeking attention. A skála A+-tól F-ig terjed, ahol az A+ a legmagasabb fokozat, az F pedig a legalacsonyabb. For A = 1 or less, B = (2A/3) For A from 1 to 11, B = (A+1/3) Learn how to Convert Your 12. McMaster University . 1005-1026 Low-Carbon Steel. 24727 or 23772. Spec. Objectives: The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) system for assessing certainty in a body of evidence currently uses two levels, serious and very serious, for downgrading on a single domain. This allows students to return to McMaster and take courses outside of their previous degree. Use them for light-to-medium-load linear motion applications where. Official transcripts must be submitted and received by McMaster prior to the February 1 deadline. on a scale of 0 to 11, where 11/11 represents a review of the highest quality. Risk of Bias Tools Risk of bias tool for randomized trials. In our calculator an A is equal to 4. For example, if you get a 9, its considered a 3. In some cases, Grade 11 marks may be considered in extending early conditional offers of admission. 0GPA? you need to convert each grade individually then average. 671 products. The Credit/D/Fail (Cr/D/F) grading policy was created to encourage students’ curiosity and learning in subjects outside of their own programs of study and to introduce them to diverse fields. As new questions emerge, make a note of them and search for an answer. 0. On the letter grading scale, A is the highest score, while D is the passing grade. 0 UW, 5. 9 BUT if you get a mix of 12s and 11s you’ll be at the higher end of a 3. Undergraduate Academics and General Inquiries: [email protected] scale. You may hear students speak about their performance on this scale even though, generally speaking, most instructors use a traditional letter or percentage grading system for their courses. 5). Grade Minimum Rate (Short Term Employees Only) Step 0 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10 1 $17. Choose from our selection of steel rulers in a wide range of styles and sizes. As such, it is vital that teachers and schools report students’ anticipated grades as accurately as possible. 0 0-49 F F 0. 5 70-74 B B 3. 0 65-69 C C+ 2. 4. Know at a glance if your propane gas supply is running low. Start Training For 600 and beat the Army Combat Fitness Test. OFFICE HOURS. The COM grade is ignored in the calculation of the sessional GPA. Intl GPA: = Calculate. it was an elective). The grade for the replaced course is the grade for GPA calculation. Echèl la varye ant A+ rive F, ak A+ se klas ki pi wo a ak F ki pi ba a. Rheum. This system uses a grade between 0. 5% in 2000 to 42. Roy McMaster a la dècada de 1940 per estandarditzar les qualificacions a les universitats canadenques. 9140 ext. Grades 12-pt scale 100% scale* Range Alpha Grades 12-pt scale 100% scale* Range A+ 1290-100 (95) 90-100 6. 0 scale. Hey, based off of the UTM grade scale i think the around 3. Schiphof D, Boers M, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA. What grades do you need for McMaster? A minimum overall average of 85% or higher is normally required for application consideration. 7s or 3. (1993) performed a literature review to gather evidence for a theoretical basis of the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment. Multipurpose 4140 Alloy Steel Rods. Introduction: The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and similar Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks require its users to judge how substantial the effects of interventions are on desirable and undesirable people-important health outcomes. Check the flow rate of liquids up to 200° F from an easy-to-read digital display instead of a scale or dial. Rectangular Platform. Please note: Professional development programs and courses are graded with a pass/fail value and are not included on an official McMaster transcript. The most commonly used radiographic classification system for osteoarthritis of the hip joint is the Kellgren–Lawrence system (or KL system). Make a list of requirements for your applications and develop a plan to meet them. Grade 9. ” When Method A is used an “A” is included after the numerical adhesion value (e. 0/2. Good for use with square- and hex-profile shafts, these aluminum supports also work with round shafts of any diameter up to 1". Pressure Test Gauges. We are UK-based and operate worldwide, with a global network and client base spanning 62 countries and 5 continents. What is mcmaster grading scale? Grade point values range from 12 (an A+) to 0 (an F). 0 out of 4. a 5 on the mcmaster scale is like a C. xlsMcMaster takes the academic success, health and emotional well-being of our undergraduate students seriously, and recognizes the stress that many undergraduate students are feeling in these uncertain. Class 10. 129 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M4 Contact Information Contact Us (905) 525-9140 ext. Objectives: The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) working group defines patient values and preferences as the relative importance patients place on the main health outcomes. GLOBALST 3A09 Globalization and Health Total Credit Weighted GPA. In stock and ready to ship. 0s (it's better to get 2 3. Punchout. 5. degree-level courses by May of the year of entry with an overall GPA of at least 3. Table 18. Students must maintain a Grade Point Average (GPA) of 4 (on the McMaster 12 scale). 27059 Email: mhm@mcmaster. Tool on pages 1-10. 5 by 10 and then multiply by 4 to get 3. 58 $23. According to the university’s website, admission rates rose from 13. If your grade falls anywhere within the 11 range you get an 11. Ny maridrefy dia manomboka amin'ny 1 (kalitao ambany indrindra) ka hatramin'ny 4 (kalitao avo indrindra), ary ampiasaina hanomezana naoty amin'ny taranja rehetra any amin'ny. 6. Class 12. Enter mark in the From field, select grading systems, and then click Convert. 00 point scale. The 7-point scale for shoulder pain is based on pain severity. Determine what policies, if any, are appropriate regarding the use of class attendance and in class participation (in person or remote) as a basis for grades. In stock and ready to ship. 2 products. 5 80-89 A A 4. Choose from our selection of rotary tables, including turntables, clamping and workholding, and more. The scale ranges from 0 (poor) to 4 (outstanding). Assessment of courses for transfer credit is subject to the guidelines of. Holger Schünemann Director, Cochrane Canada and. Thang điểm nằm trong khoảng từ 1 (chất lượng thấp nhất) đến 4 (chất lượng cao. 8, etc. 24545I am looking to apply to McMaster next year and am trying to understand the academic requirements which mention "the completion of all non-elective computer science I courses with a minimum Grade Point Average of 4. W. Location Details: 1280 Main Street West John Hodgins Engineering Building, Room A315 Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7. Add these inline T-strainers to your sanitary process line to trap solid particles during clean-in-place (CIP) cycles. Typical transfer credit awarded Program type Cumulative GPA Units 1-year certificate 80% 6 units 2-year diploma 75% - 84. g. In stock and ready to ship. An 89% would just be an 11 and your transcript will show an A. 0 scale because I've seen different ways to calculate it leading to a different answer final score. CountryGirlDrew • 34 min. 0 scale (in the top 4 grades) is more concerned with punishing you for getting 3. If you submit prerequisite grades below the minimum, we will not accept them and would deem your. The Poverty and Employment Precarity in Southern Ontario (PEPSO) research project is a joint university-community initiative led by United Way Toronto & York Region and McMaster University in partnership with over 30 university, community sector, labour, government and media partners developed to meet the need of data on trends in precarious employment and to encourage policy debate and. A mark of B+ covers the same range of percentages at York and McGill. The grading system is often based on a 4. 4 Point Grade Scale Equivalent 12 Point Grade Scale Value 4 Point Grade Scale Equivalent 12 Point Grade Scale Value 4 Point Grade Scale Equivalent 12 4 8 3 4 1. 129 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M4. grade 3 (moderate): moderate multiple osteophytes, definite narrowing of joint space and some sclerosis and possible deformity of bone ends; grade 4 (severe): large osteophytes, marked narrowing of joint space, severe sclerosis and definite deformity of bone ends; Osteoarthritis is deemed present at grade 2 although of minimal severity 1. The target GPA at the end of the next term. Wear-Resistant AR400 Carbon Steel. 6/3. Back to homepage; Nav: ». This list includes the most commonly used grading systems for each country. How to calculate from 12 point scale to GPA. Roy McMaster tạo ra vào những năm 1940 để tiêu chuẩn hóa việc chấm điểm ở các trường đại học Canada. Each marking on the gauge corresponds to a different clearance measurement. To install, use construction adhesive (sold separately), or screw in place; use concrete screws or #10 wood screws. The course grade will be recalculated accordingly. Enter your grades and their credit weight. Title: Alpha 12-point NA % Grade Conversion Chart. Monitor hydraulic oil pressure levels to guard against overload. At Cochrane Canada and the McMaster GRADE Centre, in collaboration with partners and the public, we are privileged to play a leading role in producing and implementing health guidelines based on the best available approaches to address post COVID-19 condition. 30-Second Chair Stand Test. They meet Fed. MCMASTER GRADING SCALE Grade Equivalent Grade Point Equivalent Percentages 12 90-100A+ A 11 85-89. Sessional GPA (SGPA): The weighted average for courses taken in either the Fall, Winter or the entire Summer. Serrations under the flange provide mild vibration resistance. Brennan Conry, Academic Advisor, takes you through the step-by-step process on how you calculate your GPA. 0 << Previous: Resources for Reviews by Discipline and Type; Next: Grey Literature >>. Store refrigerant recovered from HVAC systems for transport and recycling. In stock and ready to ship. Unique universities grading scales are not described. Those with DB9, DB15, and DB25 connections are. 12-Point Screws. 0, 2. Check with your. Since some electives are not offered every year, replacement is controlled by the requirement of the program (e. Scale Grade Description US Grade A 80. Dis. @DebaterMAX. 2. In stock and ready to ship. Monday to Friday 8:30 a. 0 scale. Made from 18-8 stainless steel, these screws have good chemical resistance and may be mildly magnetic. McMaster University . Electronic Rulers for Plans and Maps. A McMaster Grading Scale é un sistema para cualificar traballos académicos de graduación. 00 on the 4. * See Article 2 of the Unifor, Unit 1 collective agreement for additional. 0 (B+ or 77%) on the ORPAS scale, over the last two years or 60 units of university academic study is required. Once compressed, match the widest part of the flattened strip to the markings on the paper gauge. g. Excellent. Calculator . What is McMaster University’s grading scale?A = 12 point scale. They won’t rust, even in marine. Supports GPA conversion for over 50 Candian universities, including University of Waterloo, University of York, University of Toronto. Notes: This chart is used for converting individual grades only. Sc. Higher grades may be required. 46) Percentage (eg. As you can see from the conversion chart, converting a grade from a 12 point scale and converting a grade from a exact percentage will make no difference in determining your average in the standard GPA scale. 21. Some schools use a numerical scale of 100 instead of letter grades. Students who graduate from a program at McMaster University are assigned a status of Continuing Student. GPA scale, grades, and percentages defined. Below is an. Mesh Slings. Safely weigh material in hazardous environments— these scales operate with low voltages so they won’t create sparks. Երբևէ մտածե՞լ եք, թե որն է գնահատման սանդղակը McMaster-ում ձեր դասընթացների համար: Ամենայն. At York, it is worth 7 points out of 9; at McGill, it is worth 3. 0 a D, and a 0. A500 Low-Carbon Steel. Strong evidence of originality and independence of thought; good organization; capacity to analyze and synthesize; superior grasp of subject matter with sound critical evaluations; evidence of extensive knowledge base; and an outstanding ability to communicate. Robert M. McMaster Grading Scale. I have no idea what my grades are. 3 and a 12 is a 4 and this could be found out if you search up ("mcmaster grading system"). With over 28,000 full-time undergraduate students and 4 ,800 full-time graduate students, McMaster is a research-intensive, student-centred university dedicated to advancing human and societal health and well -being. The majority of graduate programs at McMaster University require the holding of an Honours bachelor’s degree from a recognized university with at least a B+ average. 7 properly you don't deserve a 3. A. 0 Scale: A+: 90-100: 12: 4: A: 85-89: 11: 3. Spec. Starrett Dial-Indicator ShaftAlignment Chain Clamp Kits. 0). They also meet the pressure and temperature requirements of ASTM A193 and are often used to secure. A mark of 80-84% is an A- at many universities, whereas at York, it is an A. They have a nylon locking patch that grips threads to resist loosening. Choose from our selection of manometers, including low-pressure differential gauges, differential pressure and vacuum gauges, and more. 99. Assuming the grades are not weighted, converting your GPA from a 12-point to a 4-point scale is straightforward. The average of PA students that get in is usually higher than this. ca. The 7-point scale for shoulder pain is based on pain severity. provide fabrication and integration of nanometer scale. Your 12-scale GPA would be ((12+9)/2= 10.